Pakutanga, ma LED aishandiswa semwenje wechiratidzo muzviridzwa nemamita. Gare gare, maLED emavara akasiyana-siyana akazoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarobhoti uye-zviratidziro zvakakura, zvichiunza pundutso huru mune zveupfumi nemagariro. Semuyenzaniso, 12{{4}inch red traffic robhoti kuUnited States pakutanga yakashandisa-hupenyu hurefu, isingashande 140-watt incandescent girobhu semwenje wayo, ichigadzira 2000 malumens echiedza chichena. Mushure mekupfuura nepasefa dzvuku, 90% yemwenje yakarasika, ichisiya 200 lumens chete yechiedza chitsvuku. Muchiedza chayo chichangobva kugadzirwa, chakashandisa 18 ma LED matsvuku, achidya chete 14 watts kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwedunhu, kugadzira iyo yakafanana inopenya efficacy.
Magetsi emagetsi emagetsi ndeimwe yakakosha nzvimbo yekushandisa kune LED mwenje masosi. Muna 1987, nyika yangu yakatanga kuisa{2}mabhureki emagetsi akakwira pamotokari. Nekuda kwekukurumidza kupindura kwemaLED (nanosecond level), vatyairi vemota dzinotevera vanogona kuziviswa nezvemafambisirwo ekutyaira kare, zvichideredza kumashure{4}}kudhumhana.
Pamusoro pezvo, marambi e LED anoshandiswa panze dzvuku, girinhi, nebhuruu akazara-zviratidziro zveruvara, keychain-mamini tochi, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Ma LED machena: Kuvhenekera kwakawanda, machena machena masosi anodiwa zvakanyanya. Ma LED machena akabudirira kugadzirwa muna 1998. Aya ma LED anogadzirwa nekuputira GaN chip uye yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) pamwe chete.
Iyo GaN chip inoburitsa mwenje weblue (λp=465nm, Wd=30nm). Iyo Ce3+-ine YAG phosphor, yakanyungudutswa patembiricha yakakwira, inoburitsa mwenje yeyero kana yafadzwa nechiedza cheblue ichi, ine peak wavelength ye550nm. Iyo yebhuruu LED substrate yakaiswa mundiro{{6}yakaita seyakajeka inopenya mhango uye yakavharwa nekatetepa resin yakasanganiswa neYAG, ingangoita 200-500nm gobvu. Chikamu chechiedza chebhuruu chinoburitswa neiyo LED substrate inotorwa nephosphor, nepo mwenje webhuruu wasara unosanganiswa neyero mwenje unoburitswa nephosphor kuburitsa chena mwenje. Kune InGaN/YAG machena ma LED, nekushandura kemikari yeYAG phosphor uye nekugadzirisa ukobvu hwephosphor layer, mavara akasiyana emwenje chena ane tembiricha yemavara kubva pa3500-10000K anogona kuwanikwa.
Tafura 1 ine mhando dzemaLED machena aripo parizvino uye chiedza chawo-emitting principles. Tafura iyi inoratidzawo kuti mamwe marudzi emwenje machena e LED anovimba nemaphosphor mana: mavara matatu ekutanga-asingawanzo-nyika yakatsvuka, yegirini, uye yebhuruu phosphors-uye yero phosphor ine garnet chimiro. Ma LED{{7}wavelength matatu, achishandisa inorganic ultraviolet machipi ane RGB phosphors ye encapsulating ma LED machena, anotarisirwa kuve nemukana wekutengesa. Nekudaro, iyo particle saizi uye kugadzikana zvinodiwa kune aya matatu ekutanga mavara phosphors idiki, uye iwo chaiwo mashandisirwo achiri pasi pekuongororwa.
Parizvino, chigadzirwa chekutanga chiripo pakutengesa iblue single-chip LED ine YAG yellow phosphor, ichiwana kupenya kwakanyanya kunosvika makumi maviri neshanu lumens/watt. YAG inonyanya kutengwa kubva kuNichia Corporation yekuJapan, mutengo unosvika 2000 yuan/kg. Rudzi rwechipiri machena ma LED akagadzirwa neSumitomo Electric Industries yekuJapan vachishandisa ZnSe sechinhu, asi nekushomeka kwechiedza.
